ADDISON DISEASE

ADDISON DISEASE – hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids). Fatal if left untreated.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Lethargy, fatigue & muscle weakness, GI disturbances, wt. loss, menstrual changes in women, impotence in men, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, postural hypotension, dehydration, emotional disturbances

PATIENT TEACHINGS: Avoid individuals with infection, strenuous exercise & stressful situations. Need for lifelong glucocorticoid therapy. Avoid OTC meds. Wear medic-alert bracelet.

 TREATMENTS: Monitor VS, BP, wt. and I & O. Monitor blood glucose, and potassium. Administer glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid medications as prescribed.

DIETS AND DRUGS: High protein, carbohydrate, & sodium intake. Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone.

CUSHINGS DISEASE

DISEASE: CUSHINGS – is a condition of hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex. Can be caused by increased pituitary secretion of ACTH, pituitary adenoma, or adrenal adenoma.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Truncal obesity with thin extremities, moonface, buffalo hump, supraclavicular fat pads, generalized muscle wasting & weakness, fragile skin that bruise, reddish-purple striae on abdomen & upper thigh, hirsutism, hypertension, elevated blood glucose,sodium and WBC, decreased calcium and potassium

PATIENT TEACHINGS: Monitor VS, BP, I&O, weight, lab.values particularly blood glucose,WBC,Na,K,Ca. Provide good skin care.

 TREATMENTS: Prepare client for hypophysectomy or radiation if condition is caused by pituitary tumor. Prepare client for adrenalectomy if condition is caused by adrenal tumor or hyperplasia.

DIETS AND DRUGS: Medications to control excessive production of cortisol include ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane (Lysodren) and metyrapone (Metopirone).

In some cases, the tumor or its treatment will cause other hormones produced by the pituitary or adrenal gland to become deficient and your doctor will recommend hormone replacement medications.

Provide diet low in calories & sodium and high in protein, potassium, calcium and vitamin D.